Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values
The Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values identifies 10 cross-culturally universal human value types (Self-Direction, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement, Power, Security, Conformity, Tradition, Benevolence, and Universalism) organized in a circular motivational structure contrasting Openness to Change vs. Conservation, and Self-Transcendence vs. Self-Enhancement.
Plain-Language Summary
Human values represent your core motivational priorities—the foundational principles that guide what you find truly important, fulfilling, and worthwhile in life and work.
# Everyday Behavioral Examples
High Expression Tendencies
- •Self-Transcendence (Benevolence / Universalism): Prioritizes the welfare of loved ones, social justice, and environmental protection.
- •Self-Enhancement (Power / Achievement): Prioritizes personal success, competitive competence, and social influence.
- •Openness to Change (Self-Direction / Stimulation): Prioritizes freedom of thought, novelty, and independent exploration.
Low Expression Tendencies
- •Low alignment with values that conflict with an individual's primary motivational priorities.
Related Sub-Traits & Core Facets
In psychometric factor modeling, this construct encompasses or correlates with these key behavioral dimensions:
How the Concept is Measured
Evaluated using the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) or Schwartz Value Survey (SVS), measuring personal value rankings relative to an individual's mean score.
Common Misconceptions
Values and personality traits are the exact same thing.
Personality traits describe 'how' you behave (habitual behavioral tendencies). Values describe 'what' you consider important and 'why' you act (motivational goals).
Scientific Limitations & Context
Values are shaped significantly by life stages, family upbringing, and cultural milieu, evolving more dynamically than baseline genetic temperament traits.
Assessments That Measure This Trait
Free & Calculated On-DeviceRelated Glossary Terms
Relevant Guides & Articles
Frequently Asked Questions
- What are the two major axes of the Schwartz value circumplex?
- 1. Self-Transcendence (helping others) vs. Self-Enhancement (personal status), and 2. Openness to Change (novelty and autonomy) vs. Conservation (stability and tradition).